The Battle of Chile: Part II (La batalla de Chile (Parte 2). El Golpe de Estado)
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THE BATTLE OF CHILE
The struggle of an unarmed people
Part Two THE COUP D'ETAT
a Patricio Guzmán Film
In memory of Jorge Müller Silva
Santiago de Chile, June 29, 1973.
Unable to remove President Allende constitutionally...
...the U.S. government and the Chilean opposition...
...opt for the strategy of a coup.
After its defeat in the presidential elections...
...in March, 1973...
...the opposition sets the wheels firmly in motion for a planned uprising.
On June 29, at 09.00 a.m.,...
...a single regiment attacks the government palace with 6 tanks.
Shortly after,...
...an Argentinean journalist films his own death.
He also records, two months before the final coup,...
...the true face of a sector of the Chilean army.
For an hour,...
...the tanks exchange fire with the presidential guard...
...who are inside the La Moneda Palace.
22 people die during these first moments.
Parliament, the Judicial Power,...
...and the opposition parties are silent.
However, the rebel troops don't receive support...
...from the rest of the armed forces.
Perhaps thinking that conditions are not yet right...
...for a successful rising...
...the other officers don't join in this action.
Meanwhile, loyal troops begin the first counter-attack...
...to break the siege.
Watch out! Over there!
Don't shoot, bastards!
At 10:30, more loyal soldiers are mobilized...
...towards the city center.
Advancing on the Panamerican road into the capital...
...are 10 artillery regiment troop transporters...
...from the city of San Felipe.
The civilian population must stay calm.
After a brief confrontation,...
...the rebel tanks begin to withdraw.
The Commander-in-Chief of the Army,...
...Gen. Carlos Prats, directs the operations personally.
At 11:00 a.m., with fighting still going on,...
...the President of the Republic...
...goes into the palace.
Just then, another column of loyal soldiers arrives,...
...headed by the Minister of Defense, José Tohá.
Young Communists of Chile!
Long live the workers' president!
Fight and create popular power!
Fight and create popular power!
The situation is being controlled,...
...but some troops have not yet surrendered.
Even as they withdraw, the tanks are still firing.
José Tohá, Minister of Defense...
...tries to instill calm in the face of possible danger.
He is assisted in this task by Gen. Pickering.
Minister, if we don't control these people,...
...there'll be a massacre. Help me, please.
Get out of here, please! Move away!
If you don't move, someone might get killed.
Generals Pickering, Sepúlveda and Prats lead the officers...
...most determined to suppress the rising.
Other commanders, however, merely wait expectantly.
Such is the case with Augusto Pinochet,...
...later Head of the Military Government,...
...who now joins in with the loyal forces.
At 11:30, Gen. Carlos Prats assures the Minister of Defense...
...that the rebels have surrendered,...
...and shows the positions of his own troops.
On the south side of La Moneda is the Warrant Officers School
...and on the north side is the Buin Regiment.
But Gen. Prats will think it essential...
...to declare a State of Emergency to control the situation.
We must request a State of Emergency at once.
We can't control the situation otherwise.
Allende, Allende, the people will defend you!
At noon, with the defeat of the rising confirmed,...
...the Christian Democrats...
...say that they support the constitutional regime.
The other opposition group, the National Party, refuses to comment.
The leaders of the fascist group "Homeland and Freedom"...
...take refuge in the Ecuadorian embassy...
...revealing themselves as the authors of the putsch.
Use a heavy hand!
At 6:00 p.m., the presidential flag is lowered...
...by the guard who defended the palace.
For two hours, this company, led by Lieut. Perez,...
...refused to hand over the seat of government.
Along with Gen. Prats, they are the heroes of the day.
The ease with which the attempted coup was crushed...
...raises many questions.
The rising showed that some officers were sympathetic,...
...and only the fear of having to face other army units...
...prevented them from joining the rebellion.
Consequently,...
...Allende relies on the constitutionalist officers,...
...rejecting any action which may weaken...
...his government's legality.
We shall make the revolutionary changes...
...in pluralism, democracy and freedom,...
...which does not mean...
...tolerance of anti-democrats, ...
...tolerance of subversives,...
...or tolerance of fascists, comrades!
Close the National Congress!
But you must understand...
...what the real position of this government is.
I will not, because it would be absurd,...
...close...
...the Congress.
I'm not going to do it.
I said...
I said respect...
But if it's necessary...
If it's necessary,...
...I shall present...
...a bill to call a plebiscite...
...and let the people resolve this question!
Shitty "Mummies", the street belongs to the left!
The next day, Allende asks Congress...
...to declare a State of Emergency.
Meanwhile, from the morning of June 29,...
...left-wing workers take control of factories, companies,
mines and agricultural centers throughout Chile.
Let's create popular power!
Comrades, the conclusions of the 500 workers...
...in the packing factory are the following:
Strengthen the industrial belts.
Strengthen the communal councils.
Strengthen the neighborhood groups and the COPPs.
Strengthen all the community organizations.
We must take advantage of this opportunity...
...and go on the offensive...
...in terms of gaining new sectors...
...and nationalizing new industries.
We, the workers, are at our battle station,...
...our workplace, building the necessary elements...
...to defend ourselves against any attack by fascism,...
...or any further attempts by the armed forces...
...to overthrow the government.
We believe we must strengthen our battle station...
...which is, firstly, here in the industries...
At the same time, all forms of popular power are strengthened...
...especially the industrial belts.
Each belt is a group of factories and companies...
...which coordinates the tasks of workers in the same zone.
In the country's main cities,...
...31 industrial belts have been set up.
8 of these are in Santiago.
- Who do you represent? - The "Macul" belt.
- And you? - The "Macul" belt.
- And you? - The "Cerrillos-Maip" belt.
- And you? - The "Cerrillos" belt.
- And you? - The "Vicua Mackenna" belt.
- And you? - The "Vicua Mackenna" belt.
- And you? - The "O'Higgins" belt.
- And you? - The Christian Left.
The Radical Party Union.
The government, with the support of the belts,...
...puts some strategically important factories...
...under legal State control.
As we all know,...
...fascist groups tried to overthrow the Government...
...and there are still repercussions from that.
There is still a latent danger against a process...
...which the working class began and has taken in hand.
It has been resolved that,...
...given that the packaging and aluminum company Alusa...
...has suspended delivery of its products...
...which constitutes an obstruction to distribution,...
...and in view of the Supreme Decree no. 338...
...and Law no. 16,464, I resolve,...
...firstly, the use of the industrial establishment...
...is hereby requisitioned,...
...along with machines and other elements...
...necessary for the production and/or distribution...
...of the Alusa factory.
On July 2, the law on the State of Emergency proposed by Allende...
...is submitted to Parliament.
This law would grant the President special powers.
With them, the President would be able to appoint, transfer and dismiss...
...whatever military leaders he thought advisable.
The floor is open to speakers.
The debate is over.
During the three previous governments,...
...the State of Emergency had been authorized twice.
Those deputies who reject the proposal, raise their hands.
The State of Emergency, the chief legal instrument...
...for extreme situations, is not authorized.
Result of the vote.
The number of votes in favor, 52.
The number of votes against, 81.
The Executive's proposal is rejected.
The Executive's initiative doesn't convince Parliament.
The opposition parties think it unjustified...
...to grant Allende special powers.
On July 2, the same day as Congress rejects the State of Emergency,...
...navy officers order their troops to carry out a raid in Valparaíso.
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