ആദ്യത്തെ 196 വരികൾ.
Earth is the only planet we know of where life exists.
And, here, it does so in abundance.
The jungle is Eden.
It covers less than 6% of the Earth's surface
but it's home to half of all
the plants and animals on land.
Jungles have just the right amount of light,
water and nutrients, and they have had every day for millennia.
Life here should be easy.
This is an indri.
It's a primate, like us.
And these forests in Madagascar are its home.
But to survive here...
...it has to face one major challenge.
Paradise is crowded.
Life fills every niche.
And, at any one time, a staggering variety of species and countless
individuals are striving for space and food.
Like every jungle animal,
indri have to find their own way to survive
in the most competitive place on Earth.
Jungles are complex places...
...tangled three-dimensional worlds created by lush tropical vegetation.
90% of the animals here spend their whole lives up in the trees.
And each of them has to find its own way of getting around.
Hanging 100 feet above the ground, a spider monkey.
They travel in family groups and find everything they need in the top
storey of the jungle.
Up here isn't a place for the faint-hearted.
With long limbs and a prehensile tail that can grip like a hand,
they're built for climbing.
But imagine having to learn these skills as high up as this.
One third of spider monkeys never make it to adulthood.
This youngster is only a few months old.
Her future depends on her ability to climb.
Playing on a practice tree with her older brother and sister,
she's already learning to use her tail as a safety line...
...under her father's close watch.
She's keen to join in the game but she's the youngest and,
as is the way of things, she's not always welcome.
So she chooses her own place to play.
But not all trees are the same.
This one is for more advanced climbers.
Enthusiasm? Certainly!
Technique?
Room for improvement.
Meanwhile, some of her family have moved on to look for a new patch of
fresh food.
The top of the canopy isn't for youngsters.
But Father's not looking and the temptation to join the others is
irresistible.
She'll need to be careful.
A fall from here would mean certain death.
It's the first time she's been as high as this on her own.
As she climbs still higher, the branches get thinner and thinner.
Her tail has caught her...
...but now she's stuck in mid-air, unable to reach any other branch.
Father, however, was watching.
He's big and strong enough to form a bridge with his body so that she can
climb to safety.
Lesson learned.
But it's not just monkeys that live here, up in the treetops.
And, if you are small, finding the right tree can mean a home for life.
He's a Draco lizard.
He's only the size of a pencil and he eats ants.
This one tree could provide him with all he will ever need...
a conveyor belt of food.
It's a perfect place to settle down.
Well, it would be...
...but there's already someone here.
This larger male is the tree's owner.
And Dracos don't share.
The owner's flag is a warning.
Trespassers won't be tolerated.
The owner's not only intimidating...
...he's prepared to battle.
A dead end.
Safety is a long way away.
Now he must choose.
Fight...
...or flee?
Only in the jungle do you find lizards that can soar like dragons.
He can travel over 100 feet in a single leap.
It's a very fast and efficient way to move through the jungle.
Maybe this new tree will have food and no resident owner.
Everything in the jungle has to compete for space.
Only 2% of the sun's rays reach the ground...
...so even the plants must battle for the light
they need if they're to grow.
300 years ago, this Hura tree began its race for light.
And every day since, it has absorbed the water and sunshine it needed to
grow into a giant.
It has succeeded in doing what every tree must do to survive...
...rise above the gloom of the jungle floor.
And, what is more, its success has given life to others.
Its branches now carry 1,000 other plants.
These particular ferns,
figs and orchids live only on the branches of other trees.
1,000 plants growing on one single tree.
Throughout the forest, this story is repeated endless times.
As a consequence, jungles are home
to more species of plants than anywhere else on Earth.
And they, in turn, support a wealth of animals.
In Ecuador, the competition is at its most intense.
Here, there are 100 species of hummingbirds alone...
...all fighting for nectar.
Each flower only has a small amount at any one time,
and so it's first come, first served.
One hummingbird has gone to great lengths to avoid conflict
with other species.
Swordbills are the only bird with a beak longer than their body.
And some flowers are too elongated for the other 99 species of
hummingbirds here to feed from them.
A swordbill's extraordinary beak, however,
enables it to reach the places that others can't...
...the top of this flower, where the sweet nectar is produced.
It has found a solution that means it doesn't have to join the fight.
And, as each long flower blooms, it gives the swordbill a fresh supply
of food all to itself.
But having a beak longer than your body does have its drawbacks.
For a start, it's tricky to keep it clean.
Harder still, how do you preen your body feathers?
Unlike the other hummers,
swordbills can't reach their feathers with their beak.
The only option, a good old scratch.
It's a little unrefined...
...but a small price to pay for an exclusive food supply...
...especially when feeding times are only too frequently interrupted
by storms.
Jungles are the richest places on Earth
because of one remarkable fact...
...they make their own weather.
Every day, water rises from the surface of the leaves as vapour.
It's as if the trees breathe out clouds.
They gather over the forest until, finally...
...they burst.
Rain is the lifeblood of every jungle.
And all have to do their best to endure the daily downpour.
In some jungles, like here in Brazil,
it rains so much that, for part of the year, the trees are
almost totally submerged.
The forest floor is 30 feet below the water's surface.
This is a mysterious world, a place few people have ever explored.
We have much to discover about the animals for which this is home...
...including some you might never expect to find amongst trees.
Here, 1,000 miles from the sea, are dolphins.
A newly identified species of river dolphin found nowhere else on Earth.
In these black, tangled waters, they have become almost totally blind,
so they move slowly,
carefully using their sonar to scan the forest floor for fish.
If this forest can hide a new species of dolphin...
...what else might there be here, awaiting discovery?
At the shallow margins of the flooded jungle,
rivers flow through lush vegetation.
Here, food is so abundant, it supports giants.
Capybara, the biggest rodents in the world...
...giant otters the size of a man...
...and the rulers of these rivers...
...caiman.
They grow to ten feet long and kill anything
they get between their jaws.
But there are more artful hunters...
...drawn here from the surrounding forest.
A jaguar, the supreme jungle predator.
The river marks the edge of his territory...
...but here he has competition.
He's now in the territory of a female.
She has ruled this stretch of river for five years.
This is her place to hunt.
Capybara are strong and wary.
The key is stealth.
She needs to get within three feet if she's to pounce.
Not this time.
She's not the only female here.
Each part of this jungle's edge is ruled by a different queen.
Few places on Earth have enough food to support so many big cats.
The male hunts in a different way.
Weighing almost 300 lbs, it's hard to be stealthy...
...and with so many other jaguars around,
he doesn't bother with wary capybara.
He seeks a different prey.
He's become a killer
of killers.
Jaguars have the most powerful bite of any cat.
And he knows the caiman's most vulnerable point...
...the back of its skull.
Hunters living in the dense understorey of the jungle
come in all shapes and sizes.
But they share a problem.
How to tell what is a plant, and what is prey.
This is a game of hide and seek that can be won or lost
in the blink of an eye.
The long contest between predator and prey
has produced mimicry of astounding accuracy.
A leaf-tailed gecko masquerading as lichen.
Some animals take camouflage a stage further still...
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